The Leadership Journey Portfolio Of Leadership - 1779 Words

The Leadership Journey Portfolio This course has been a journey of self-analysis and reflection on the study of leadership. Leadership is a journey throughout life in the realms of personal and professional application. Time, experience, study, observation, and reflection offer the path to continuing improvement. Part One - Questions One: How do you define leadership? Our textbook stated that leadership is a science and an art, as well as being both rational and emotional (Hughes, 2015, p. 5-6). Leadership theory provides the science and the application of the theory is the art. There is no one method to guarantee success for a leader. Leadership is multi-faceted and requires flexibility, emotional intelligence, and the will to†¦show more content†¦In earlier years, family responsibilities kept from having time for volunteering. Financial responsibilities kept me from pursing employment with non-profits, as the pay is usually not the equivalent of other employers, unless one is high up on the executive ladder in a large non-profit entity. Our study of leadership has given me a better perspective of the history of leadership theories and historical leaders. I have gained insight on the importance of good leadership and the value it has in every organization. Going from good to great is definitely imp acted by the quality of leadership. I have done enough volunteer work to see the need for quality leaders in non-profit organizations. In addition, I have seen the great need for volunteers as a vital component for accomplishing the mission of every non-profit organization. Our study of leadership has reinforced my thoughts about servant leadership. For instance, the level 5 leader is humble. Humility is a fundamental characteristic of servant leadership (Greenleaf, 1998). What are your key values? My choice of leadership style is servant leadership. My thoughts on the values of servant leaders, correlate with my own, and include civility, humility, embracing diversity, integrity, and accountability. Civility seems to have gone astray in some parts of our society. Servant leaders have on opportunity to increase civility by treating everyone with dignity, respect, and

Psychological Intervention and Schizophrenia Essay

Psychological Intervention and Schizophrenia There are perhaps two main prongs to the development of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy as an intervention for schizophrenia, the first being based upon the sizable research that centre on family interventions, which have been successful in reducing patient relapse in schizophrenic families (Pilling et al., 2002). Family interventions are important to consider as they became established treatments during a phase where drug treatments were the main focus of attention in this field and so opened the area of non biological treatment for schizophrenia. And as I will touch upon later drug therapies are frequently used to reduce psychotic symptoms and relapse but these treatments rarely provide the†¦show more content†¦In a study by Jackson et al, 1998 in which the therapist engages with the patient shortly after the first psychotic symptoms have subsided. The focus of the therapy is the patient’s adaptation to the psychotic illness and secondary symptoms. Patients who receiv ed CBT and those who refused CBT were compared with those who did not qualify for CBT on either of the conditions and who lived outside the region. When compared with the control group those who received CBT adapted better to the illness, understood the illness more (the Explanatory model), scored better on the Quality of Life Scale and the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS). However the CBT group only outperformed the CBT refusal group on the adaptation to the illness. There was no significant difference in the relapse rates of either group. This particular study is limited by pre-treatment differences. The control group had a mean duration of psychosis of 91 days and the CBT patients 19 days; also the reliability of the study was not reported. Thus this study which focussed on early intervention showed only slight benefit of CBT. As-well as help the patient to adapt to their illness early on, cognitive interventions can also challenge the patient’s long held belief system by verbally challenging the system and reality testing. Pointing out irrationalities and inconsistencies in the belief systems ofShow MoreRelatedClinical And Clinical Research Project1344 Words   |  6 Pagescognitive deficits associated with schizophrenia. As the clinical symptoms of this disorder emerge during early adulthood, abnormal developmental processes are thought to contribute to the pathos-physiology of the disorder. It was discovered the the DA intervention of the prefrontal cortex undergoes significant change up until adulthood which leads to Finlay’s hypothesis that the abnormal development of this system may be related to the emergence of schizophrenia. Experimental and clinical researchRead MoreThe Treatment Prospects For Schizophrenia1571 Words   |  7 PagesProspects for Schizophrenia Cecilia Pivarunas Northern Virginia Community College Abstract Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that can present in many different ways. Most often, symptoms display in a negative or positive manner. While medications are on the market to mitigate symptoms, the optimal treatment method couples both pharmaceutical and psychiatric rehabilitation. The Patient Outcomes Research Team, commonly called PORT, has issued treatment recommendations for Schizophrenia. The firstRead MoreSymptoms And Treatments Of Early Onset Psychosis868 Words   |  4 PagesEarly onset psychosis is defined as psychotic symptoms within a psychiatric disorder such as schizophrenia, bipolar, or other psychoses, appearing in an individual before the age of 18 years old. Psychosis, including schizophrenia, comprises a major group of psychiatric disorder characterized by hallucinations and/or delusions (psychotic symptoms) that alter perception thoughts, affect and behavior, and which can considerably impair a child or young person’s development, relationships, and phys icalRead MoreEfficacy And Psychological Interventions For Psychosis And Adolescents And Young Adults : A Systematic Review And Meta Analysis951 Words   |  4 PagesEfficacy and safety of pharmacological and psychological interventions for the treatment of psychosis and schizophrenia in children, adolescents and young adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One, 10(2) doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0117166 Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness and safety issues surrounding pharmacological and psychological interventions as treatments for psychosis and schizophrenia in children, adolescents, and young adultsRead MoreThe Issue Of Child Onset Schizophrenia Essay1612 Words   |  7 Pages SOWK 506- Fall 2015 Assignment #3: Child Onset Schizophrenia Becki Kennedy and Mary Marrone USC School of Social Work December 11, 2015 Martha Lyon-Levine Introduction This research paper focuses on the issue of child onset schizophrenia, specifically looking at the prognosis, symptoms, stigma, and most effective treatment options for children. This topic has become a significant social issue as a result of the recent mass school shootings throughout the nationRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Henry s Demons By Patrick Cockburn1092 Words   |  5 PagesIn the book, Henry’s Demons by Patrick Cockburn, Patrick and his family explain the extensive, long term effects of schizophrenia on the people who are diagnosed, and their loved ones. Henry goes through his first psychotic breakdown in 2002, when he almost drowned trying to swim the Estuary at Newhaven. He spends several years at the mental hospital, attempting to escape more than 30 times, fighting with himself to recover. This book truly teaches about the disorder and explores the subjective experienceRead MoreSchizophrenia/Psychosis/Life Span948 Words   |  4 PagesSchizophrenia and Psychosis and Life Span Development Paper Shanda Walton University of Phoenix October 20, 2008 Schizophrenia translates as split mind and the psychological changes can be so profound that the affected individual is thrust into a world that bears little resemblance to everyday experience. The person with schizophrenia lives in an internal world marked by thought processes that have gone awry; delusions, hallucinations, and generally disordered thinking become the normRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Schizophrenia1267 Words   |  6 PagesIn the United States, in 2012, approximately 1% or 2.4 million people were diagnosed with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is a chronic, severe, and disabling brain disorder in which symptoms usually develop in men in their late teens or early twenties, and women in their early twenties and thirties (Anderson, 2014). It is a psychotic disorder characterized by loss of contact with the environment, by a noticeable deterioration in the level of functioning in everyday life, and by a disintegration ofRead MoreThe And Progression Of Schizophrenia159 2 Words   |  7 Pages Two-Hit Model of Schizophrenia, Discussion, Criticism, and Application to The Onset and Progression of Schizophrenia LA14495 University of Maryland Baltimore County December 2016 Abstract The purpose of this paper will be to discuss the two-hit model of schizophrenia, including what it is, how it may inform treatment and prevention of schizophrenia, how it applies to schizophrenia for the duration of onset and progression, and how various primary sources support or challenge the modelRead MoreIs Art A Mirror On Society?1559 Words   |  7 Pagesis feeling and what it is dealing with. As an art form this is true of film as well. Throughout history there have been iconic movies that illustrate a number of psychological issues. From depression to retrograde amnesia and obsessive compulsive disorder. The movies are a pretty good place to start when one is looking for psychological disorders in art. For this reason they are a great place to start when one is looking for the public’s perception of mental illnesses. Of course the producers of

Economics of Globalisation

Question: Discuss about theEconomics of Globalisation. Answer: Introduction In the high competition, every firm nowadays tries to expand its market and enter into the foreign market in order to increase its profit and market share. In this project, Diamond Technology had been taken into consideration. It is an international industry that deals with consulting and designing services within the Electronic Service Integration industry. The company provides services such as consulting, D-tools for training and implementation of strategies, and sales tools. Target Markets and Market Analysis The company aims to enter the market of Turkey. The selected country can be considered as one of the growing economy in terms of electronic service industry. Turkey is open for liberal trade investment. Due to this reason, the organization Diamond Technology will be highly beneficial this market can be penetrated effectively. There are several domestic players, which are present in the given industry. Vestel Elektronik and Casper Bilgisayar Sistemleri can be considered as the primary competitors for Diamond Technology. It is also expected that this sector will incur positive revenues in the near future. Moreover, this market can be considered as one of the untapped markets in comparison with other international markets. Apart from this, the cost of labour is not on the higher side, therefore, it is expected that the organization Diamond Technology can easily cross their break-even point within few years. Marketing Strategy In order to consider the marketing strategy Diamond technology, the managers of the company takes the help of the 4 Ps marketing mix strategies. Product: Diamond technology tries to innovate the products and the services offered by the company in order to meet the demand of the customers in the new market. A market research about the taste and the preference of the customers give a knowledge about the changes required in the market. Price: The managers of the company considers price skimming strategy while entering the market of Turkey. The managers decides to lower the price of the service than its competitors in order to attract more customers towards the brand. Place: The areas that are more concentrated is chosen by Diamond technology to open a store for the company. This helps to increase the sales and the revenue of the company. Promotion: Diamond technology considers effective promotional strategies like advertising, sales promotion, discounts, sponsorships in order to promote the products and services offered by the company. Figure 1: 4 Ps of the marketing mix (Source: As created by the author) HRM Strategy The human resource management team of Diamond technology employs a number of HRM strategies that not only help the company to enter the market of turkey but also sustain in the high competition. The strategies implemented by the company are as follows: Talent management: The managers of the company try to evaluate the talent of the employees in order to identify their strengths so that the appropriate task can be allocated. When the employees are given the responsibility of the task in which they are efficient, the productivity and performance rises. Continuous improvement: The managers intend to lay focus on the innovation of the services offered by the company to ensure competitive advantage over its rivals. Employee relation: the relationship between the management and the employees can be improved by defining and clearing the objectives and the changes needed in the company. Supply Chain Strategy The supply chain strategy used by Diamond technology is adopting demand-driven planning based on the real time demand insight and the shaping of demand. Further, the company tries to build up a supply chain that is adaptive with the rapid planning and the execution of the plan (Papadopoulos and Heslop 2014). The company tries to optimise the design of the product for supply, manufacturing, and sustainability in order to increase the profit margin.One of the other strategies that help the organisation to gain an enhanced supply chain is to align the supply chain with the organisational goals. This can be done linking the sales and the operational planning with the corporate business planning. Market Selection and Entry Mode Strategies Papadopoulos and Heslop(2014) infers that the success of an organization depends upon the selection of effective market entry strategies. The organization Diamond technology can opt for several market entry strategies. The management of the organization can select a niche market strategy to cater a specific group of customers. With this target, they can opt for mergers and acquisitions with local distributers to order to penetrate through the market. The organization can also opt for a high-street retail pricing strategy to create a branding awareness among the selected group of customers. This will further help the organization to increase their market share and compete with their local and international competitors. In addition to this, with this strategy, the organization can easily nullify majority of the local competitors from competition. Lastly, the organization needs to create a contingency plan as well, if things do not work initially. Internationalization Strategy Diamond technology experiences a threat from the competitors while entering into the market of Turkey. The market of turkey is highly concentrated and therefore there are a number of rival companies of Diamond technology operating in the same industry. The rival companies have strong market base and high brand value. Moreover, they have a sustainable position in the market. On the other hand, Diamond technology have innovation and cost effective strategies with abundant resource. The company considers internalization strategies such as development with foreign distributors and strategic alliance with the foreign partners to carry out the business smoothly (Czinkota and Ronkainen 2013). These strategies are useful in entering the market of Turkey. Conclusion The market analysis and the various strategies help Diamond technology to successfully enter the market of Turkey. Moreover, the current position of the company is stable that indicates that the company has strong possibility of entering into the market successfully and sustain into the market. References Czinkota, M.R. and Ronkainen, I.A., 2013. International marketing. Cengage Learning. Papadopoulos, N. and Heslop, L.A., 2014. Product-country images: Impact and role in international marketing. Routledge.

Russia And Bosina Essays - Heroes Of The Soviet Union,

Russia And Bosina P, this economy called for some private ownership of the means of production, but the majority of industry was made property of the people, which meant the majority of the means of production was controlled by the government. Lenin's government made many achievements. It ended a long civil war against the remnants of the old Czarist military system and established institutions in government. During this period, and in fact throughout the majority of the Communist rule, censorship and the subordination of interest groups such as trade unions was imposed to stop dissension and increase conformity to the new governments policies. Lenin died in 1924, and was quickly followed by Joseph Stalin as head of the Soviet Communist Party, the oppressive reforms started by Lenin were continued and at length became completely totalitarian. Stalin became the most powerful man in Russia. He controlled to bulk of all the political power and with that he started a ruthless campaign of removing all opposition to the Communist rule. During this period called the Great Purge Stalin systemically executed anyone who stood in his path. Millions of people were arrested and either harassed or killed. The economic status of the Soviet Union was yet again changed and the entire system became controlled by the government. All private ownership ended. A mass program of industrialization was commenced, and the strength of the Soviet Military was substantially increased. The citizens during this period endured great hardship. Agricultural production output diminished resulting in food shortages, these shortages were enha! nce by the mass exportation of food, this was done to pay for industrial imports. Stalin also put the production of what he called production goods such as manufacturing machinery over basic consumer goods such as clothes and other staples. During this period the Second World War broke out and drained most of what was left of the already impoverished state. Yet after the war national unity was strengthened as well is the Soviet military machine. The Soviet Union became a super power, the U.S. being the only country more powerful than it. After the death of Stalin in 1953 Nikita Khrushchev became First Secretary of the Communist party. Stalin's death marked the end of supreme power for the head of the party, and Khrushchev condemned Stalin's actions as unnecessary and harmful to the process of moving the Socialist government to it's goal of pure Communism. During this period the public was given a say in the government, albeit an extremely minor one, and the judicial system eased it's aggressiveness allowing a defendant a better chance of defending themselves. Khrushchev concerned himself with bettering the plight of the individual, attempting to increase the supply of food and making goods such as home appliances, making automobiles somewhat available, and providing more housing. A new policy of efficiency and quality control was brought in. Leadership was somewhat decentralized to allow common managers and directors more power to run their production units. Although Krushchev started a process of slight reform he was dismissed due to in part a massive shortage of grain and dairy products, and the fact that he had started to seize more power and His efforts to streamline party organizations produced chaos and conflict among party administrators. He was also blamed for the Russia defeat during the Cuban Missile Crisis, and of not accomplishing anything toward the reunification of Germany under East German rule. After the ousting of Khrushchev, Leonid Brezhnev became the Soviet Communist Party Secretary General in October of 1964. Under his administration the majority of the decentralization of power was destroyed bringing a centralized form of control back into effect. Krushchev's denouncing of Stalin's policies was criticized and slowly some of Stalin's political disciplinary policies were restored. Stalin was named a war hero. There began an outright attack on dissidents from the literary and scientific community. During this time there was an inefficient use land, labour and resources which resulted in an economic slackening. In this time what was supposed to ultimately be a classless society became classed as bureaucrats were paid for loyalty with material wealth, allowing them a better standard of living, because of this public interests were placed secondary to personal gain. The 1980's

Bohr Model of the Atom - Overview and Examples

Bohr Model of the Atom s The Bohr Model has an atom consisting of a small, positively-charged nucleus orbited by negatively-charged electrons. Heres a closer look at the Bohr Model, which is sometimes called the Rutherford-Bohr Model. Overview of the Bohr Model Niels Bohr proposed the Bohr Model of the Atom in 1915. Because the Bohr Model is a modification of the earlier Rutherford Model, some people call Bohrs Model the Rutherford-Bohr Model. The modern model of the atom is based on quantum mechanics. The Bohr Model contains some errors, but it is important because it describes most of the accepted features of atomic theory without all of the high-level math of the modern version. Unlike earlier models, the Bohr Model explains the Rydberg formula for the spectral emission lines of atomic hydrogen. The Bohr Model is a planetary model in which the negatively-charged electrons orbit a small, positively-charged nucleus similar to the planets orbiting the Sun (except that the orbits are not planar). The gravitational force of the solar system is mathematically akin to the Coulomb (electrical) force between the positively-charged nucleus and the negatively-charged electrons. Main Points of the Bohr Model Electrons orbit the nucleus in orbits that have a set size and energy.The energy of the orbit is related to its size. The lowest energy is found in the smallest orbit.Radiation is absorbed or emitted when an electron moves from one orbit to another. Bohr Model of Hydrogen The simplest example of the Bohr Model is for the hydrogen atom (Z 1) or for a hydrogen-like ion (Z 1), in which a negatively-charged electron orbits a small positively-charged nucleus. Electromagnetic energy will be absorbed or emitted if an electron moves from one orbit to another. Only certain electron orbits are permitted. The radius of the possible orbits increases as n2, where n is the principal quantum number. The 3 → 2 transition produces the first line of the Balmer series. For hydrogen (Z 1) this produces a photon having wavelength 656 nm (red light). Bohr Model for Heavier Atoms Heavier atoms contain more protons in the nucleus than the hydrogen atom. More electrons were required to cancel out the positive charge of all of these protons. Bohr believed each electron orbit could only hold a set number of electrons. Once the level was full, additional electrons would be bumped up to the next level. Thus, the Bohr model for heavier atoms described electron shells. The model explained some of the atomic properties of heavier atoms, which had never been reproduced before. For example, the shell model explained why atoms got smaller moving across a period (row) of the periodic table, even though they had more protons and electrons. It also explained why the noble gases were inert and why atoms on the left side of the periodic table attract electrons, while those on the right side lose them. However, the model assumed electrons in the shells didnt interact with each other and couldnt explain why electrons seemed to stack in an irregular manner. Problems with the Bohr Model It violates the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle because it considers electrons to have both a known radius and orbit.The Bohr Model provides an incorrect value for the ground state orbital angular momentum.It makes poor predictions regarding the spectra of larger atoms.It does not predict the relative intensities of spectral lines.The Bohr Model does not explain fine structure and hyperfine structure in spectral lines.It does not explain the Zeeman Effect. Refinements and Improvements to the Bohr Model The most prominent refinement to the Bohr model was the Sommerfeld model, which is sometimes called the Bohr-Sommerfeld model. In this model, electrons travel in elliptical orbits around the nucleus rather than in circular orbits. The Sommerfeld model was better at explaining atomic spectral effects, such the Stark effect in spectral line splitting. However, the model couldnt accommodate the magnetic quantum number. Ultimately, the Bohr model and models based upon it were replaced Wolfgang Paulis model based on quantum mechanics in 1925. That model was improved to produce the modern model, introduced by Erwin Schrodinger in 1926. Today, the behavior of the hydrogen atom is explained using wave mechanics to describe atomic orbitals. Sources Lakhtakia, Akhlesh; Salpeter, Edwin E. (1996). Models and Modelers of Hydrogen. American Journal of Physics. 65 (9): 933. Bibcode:1997AmJPh..65..933L. doi:10.1119/1.18691Linus Carl Pauling (1970). Chapter 5-1.  General Chemistry  (3rd ed.). San Francisco: W.H. Freeman Co. ISBN 0-486-65622-5.Niels Bohr (1913). On the Constitution of Atoms and Molecules, Part I (PDF). Philosophical Magazine. 26 (151): 1–24. doi:10.1080/14786441308634955Niels Bohr (1914). The spectra of helium and hydrogen. Nature. 92 (2295): 231–232. doi:10.1038/092231d0

Sir Guy Carleton in the American Revolution

Sir Guy Carleton in the American Revolution Guy Carleton - Early Life Career: Born September 3, 1724, at Strabane, Ireland, Guy Carleton was the son of Christopher and Catherine Carleton. The son of a modest landowner, Carleton was educated locally until his fathers death when he was fourteen. Following his mothers remarriage a year later, his stepfather, Reverend Thomas Skelton, oversaw his education. On May 21, 1742, Carleton accepted a commission as an ensign in the 25th Regiment of Foot. Promoted to lieutenant three years later, he worked to further his career by joining the 1st Foot Guards in July 1751. Guy Carleton - Rising Through the Ranks: During this period, Carleton befriended Major James Wolfe. A rising star in the British Army, Wolfe recommended Carleton to the young Duke of Richmond as a military tutor in 1752. Building a relationship with Richmond, Carleton began what would become a career-long ability to develop influential friends and contacts. With the Seven Years War raging, Carleton was appointed as an aide-de-camp to the Duke of Cumberland on June 18, 1757, with the rank of lieutenant colonel. After a year in this role, he was made lieutenant colonel of Richmonds newly-formed 72nd Foot. Guy Carleton - In North America with Wolfe: In 1758, Wolfe, now a brigadier general, requested Carleton join his staff for the Siege of Louisbourg. This was blocked by King George II who reportedly was angered that Carleton had made negative comments regarding German troops. After extensive lobbying, he was permitted to join Wolfe as quartermaster general for the 1759 campaign against Quebec. Performing well, Carleton took part in the Battle of Quebec that September. During the fighting, he was wounded in the head and returned to Britain the following month. As the war wound down, Carleton took part in expeditions against Port Andro and Havana. Guy Carleton - Arriving in Canada: Having been promoted to colonel in 1762, Carleton transferred to the 96th Foot after the war ended. On April 7, 1766, he was named Lieutenant Governor and Administrator of Quebec. Though this came as a surprise to some as Carleton lacked governmental experience, the appointment was mostly likely the result of the political connections he had built over the previous years. Arriving in Canada, he soon began to clash with Governor James Murray over matters of government reform. Earning the trust of the regions merchants, Carleton was appointed Captain General and Governor in Chief in April 1768 after Murray resigned. Over the next few years, Carleton worked to implement reform as well as improve the provinces economy. Opposing Londons desire to have colonial assembly formed in Canada, Carleton sailed for Britain in August 1770, leaving Lieutenant Governor Hector Theophilus de Cramahà © to oversee matters in Quebec. Pressing his case in person, he aided in crafting the Quebec Act of 1774. Besides creating a new system of government for Quebec, the act expanded rights for Catholics as well as greatly expanded the provinces borders at the expense of the Thirteen Colonies to the south. Guy Carleton - The American Revolution Begins: Now holding the rank of major general, Carleton arrived back in Quebec on September 18, 1774. With tensions between the Thirteen Colonies and London running high, he was ordered by Major General Thomas Gage to dispatch two regiments to Boston. To offset this loss, Carleton began working to raise additional troops locally. Though some troops were assembled, he was largely disappointed by the Canadians unwillingness to rally to the flag. In May 1775, Carleton learned of the beginning of the American Revolution and the capture of Fort Ticonderoga by Colonels Benedict Arnold and Ethan Allen. Guy Carleton - Defending Canada: Though pressured by some to incite the Native Americans against the Americans, Carleton steadfastly refused to allow them to conduct indiscriminate attacks against the colonists. Meeting with the Six Nations at Oswego, NY in July 1775, he asked them to remain at peace. As the conflict progressed, Carleton permitted their use, but only in support of larger British operations. With American forces poised to invade Canada that summer, he shifted the bulk of his forces to Montreal and Fort St. Jean to block an enemy advance north from Lake Champlain. Attacked by Brigadier General Richard Montgomerys army in September, Fort St. Jean was soon under siege. Moving slowly and mistrustful of his militia, Carletons efforts to relieve the fort were repulsed and it fell to Montgomery on November 3. With the loss of the fort, Carleton was compelled to abandon Montreal and withdrew with his forces to Quebec. Arriving at the city on November 19, Carleton found that an American force under Arnold was already operating in the area. This was joined by Montgomerys command in early December. Guy Carleton - Counterattack: Under a loose siege, Carleton worked to improve the Quebecs defenses in anticipation of an American assault which finally came on the night of December 30/31. In the ensuing Battle of Quebec, Montgomery was killed and the Americans repulsed. Though Arnold remained outside of Quebec through the winter, the Americans were unable to take the city. With the arrival of British reinforcements in May 1776, Carleton forced Arnold to retreat towards Montreal. Pursuing, he defeated the Americans at Trois-Rivià ¨res on June 8. Knighted for his efforts, Carleton pushed south along the Richelieu River towards Lake Champlain. Constructing a fleet on the lake, he sailed south and encountered a scratch-built American flotilla on October 11. Though he badly defeated Arnold at the Battle of Valcour Island, he elected not to follow up on the victory as he believed it too late in the season to push south. Though some in London praised his efforts, other criticized his lack of initiative. In 1777, he was outraged when command of the campaign south into New York was given to Major General John Burgoyne. Resigning on June 27, he was forced to remain for another year until his replacement arrived. In that time, Burgoyne was defeated and forced to surrender at the Battle of Saratoga. Guy Carleton - Commander in Chief: Returning to Britain in mid-1778, Carleton was appointed to the Commission of Public Accounts two years later. With the war going poorly and peace on the horizon, Carleton was selected to replace General Sir Henry Clinton as commander-in-chief of British forces in North America on March 2, 1782. Arriving at New York, he oversaw operations until learning in August 1783 that Britain intended to make peace. Though he attempted to resign, he was convinced to stay and oversaw the evacuation of British forces, Loyalists, and freed slaves from New York City. Guy Carleton - Later Career: Returning to Britain in December, Carleton began advocating for the creation of a governor general to oversee all of Canada. While these efforts were rebuffed, he was elevated to the peerage as Lord Dorchester in 1786, and returned to Canada as the governor of Quebec, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick. He remained in these posts until 1796 when he retired to an estate in Hampshire. Moving to Burchetts Green in 1805, Carleton died suddenly on November 10, 1808, and was buried at St. Swithuns in Nately Scures. Selected Sources Dictionary of Canadian Biography: Sir Guy CarletonQuebec History: Guy Carleton

Distributed Connectivity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Distributed Connectivity - Essay Example An example of such an application used by engineers is mechatronics. This is a system level approach used in designing electromechanical systems, which incorporates mechanical, electrical and software design systems in formulating new engineering design.(www.ni.com). Engineers are able to improve the design process through the use of graphical tools and design software and are able to experiment with a variety of prototypes by building models of new designs. The integration of various systems, electrical, mechanical as well as computer aided design systems enables testing of the models using the simulation process in order to identify potential faults that may exist and how these can be corrected effectively. Rather than building expensive, real life models that can be costly to construct and test, integrating engineering with distributed connectivity enables the use of graphical computer aided design and simulation systems. This ensures that model building and testing can be carried out within a virtual medium which replicates the real life medium, but at a much lower cost. One of the tools that may be used by engineering in the virtual model building and design process is Field programmable gate array (FPGA) chips, which are able to provide high speed control and measurements. Engineers can use these FPGA chips to run PID control loops at 200 Khz, in order to ensure precise actuator and motion controls. .(www.ni.com). Since such systems also allow user interactivity, this means that engineers can effectively execute modifications and changes as necessary based upon the feedback received from the control systems and graphical interfaces. In general distributed interconnectivity is possible through an increased use of computer based systems, which ensure that processing time is speeded up considerably, with the possibility

Intermediate Microeconomic Theory analysis paper Research

Intermediate Microeconomic Theory analysis - Research Paper Example As noted in the recent market trends the competitive pressure arising from initiative entry in airlines routes have increased drastically. Consequently, Airline carriers are forced to improve on operational efficiency that results to lower fares and heightened competition. This volume intends to analyze the Airline market prior the entry of Frontline airlines and the implications after its entry. The intermediate microeconomics theory analyses business situations where a market or industry depends on a pricing system. This is in cases where the pricing system provides guidance in making decisions that dictate the rates of consumption, production, and distribution of services and goods. The theory further analyses the economic behavioral patterns and the decisions made by economic agents at their individual capacities. Additionally, the theory uncovers the consequent implications felt in market economies when trends alter relative market prices that play the role of economic signals policy makers use to make decisions (Williams, 2014). Prior the entry of Frontier Airlines, there were limited aircrafts, most of the operational airlines had their consumers only being very wealthy and prominent people. Therefore, the demand for airlines was not only low but also expensive. In this era, the airline companies had a complete monopoly over the business arena. Against this background, the market price for the services offered was very expensive. Additionally, the consumers of the services never got of high-quality services because there lacked any competitors to threaten the service providers with the loss of their customers. Therefore, at this period with no perfect competition, the industry was very exploitative to consumers. Furthermore, there were high average market prices on services in the absence of substituent service providers. As revealed by data examination from the transport department, there was an increase in the number of airline

Human behavior Essay Example for Free

Human behavior Essay Reading does not make you smarter. Do you agree or disagree? Explain your Modern society has shown that reading is related to development in many areas of the human life. Today people tend to think of reading as an activity rather than a means to improve one knowledge and ones understanding of life and people around him or her. I strongly believe Reading does make one not only smarter but also knowledgeable while impacting him with necessary tools to successes. Reading has improved the lives of many people. Have bought societies out of difficult situation and improved the way we view life and people. Think of books like Karl Marx on how things in society are run and their performance and you get what reading can do to just and individual and people by affecting their life’s in positive ways. Smarter people are said to be learned people because, of knowledge of things around them. Imagine a person who does not know how to speak and read teaching you. What can of impact is going to have on you. Reading expands one’s self and broads you to take on things far wide thus making you learned in areas you never seen but have read about. Without doubt. Smartness is has to do with impact of knowledge and understanding only gotten from reading. Great things have been accomplished though reading such as new technology science discoveries and many more due to someone reading and taking attention to life around him or her, to improve our study. Reading does not make you smarter. Do you agree or disagree? Explain your Modern society has shown that reading is related to development in many areas of the human life. Today people tend to think of reading as an activity rather than a means to improve one knowledge and ones understanding of life and people around him or her. I strongly believe Reading does make one not only smarter but also knowledgeable while impacting him with necessary tools to successes. Reading has improved the lives of many people. Have bought societies out of difficult situation and improved the way we view life and people. Think of books like Karl Marx on how things in society are run and their performance and you get what reading can do to just and individual and people by affecting their life’s in positive ways. Smarter people are said to be learned people because, of knowledge of things around them. Imagine a person who does not know how to speak and read teaching you. What can of impact is going to have on you. Reading expands one’s self and broads you to take on things far wide thus making you learned in areas you never seen but have  read about. Without doubt. Smartness is has to do with impact of knowledge and understanding only gotten from reading. Great things have been accomplished though reading such as new technology science discoveries and many more due to someone reading and taking attention to life around himReading does not make you smarter. Do you agree or disagree? Explain your Modern society has shown that reading is related to development in many areas of the human life. Today people tend to think of reading as an activity rather than a means to improve one knowledge and ones understanding of life and people around him or her. I strongly believe Reading does make one not only smarter but also knowledgeable while impacting him with necessary tools to successes. Reading has improved the lives of many people. Have bought societies out of difficult sit uation and improved the way we view life and people. Think of books like Karl Marx on how things in society are run and their performance and you get what reading can do to just and individual and people by affecting their life’s in positive ways. Smarter people are said to be learned people because, of knowledge of things around them. Imagine a person who does not know how to speak and read teaching you. What can of impact is going to have on you. Reading expands one’s self and broads you to take on things far wide thus making you learned in areas you never seen but have read about. Without doubt. Smartness is has to do with impact of knowledge and understanding only gotten from reading. Great things have been accomplished though reading such as new technology science discoveries and many more due to someone reading and taking attention to life around him or her, to improve our study. or her, to improve our study. Reading does not make you smarter. Do you agree or disagree? Explain your Modern society has shown that reading is related to development in many areas of the human life. Today people tend to think of reading as an activity rather than a means to improve one knowledge and ones understanding of life and people around him or her. I strongly believe Reading does make one not only smarter but also knowledgeable while impacting him with necessary tools to successes. Reading has improved the lives of many people. Have bought societies out of difficult situation and improved the way we view life and people. Think of books like Karl Marx on how things in society are run and their performance and you get what reading can do to just and individual and people by affecting their life’s in positive ways. Smarter people are said to be learned people because, of knowledge of things around them. Imagine a person who does not know how to speak and read teaching you. What can of impact is going to have on you. Reading expands one’s self and broads you to take on things far wide thus making you learned in areas you never seen but have read about. Without doubt. Smartness is has to do with impact of knowledge and understanding only gotten from reading. Great things have been accomplished though reading such as new technology science discoveries and many more due to someone reading and taking attention to life around him or her, to improve our study.

The Character of Sir Gawain in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight and The Wedding of Sir Gawain and Da :: Sir Gawain Green Knight Essays

The Character of Sir Gawain in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight and The Wedding of Sir Gawain and Dame Ragnell In the Authorain legend, Sir Gawain has great nobility, honesty, loyalty and chivalry. Sir Gawain is the nephew of King Arthur and a member of the king's elite Round Table. In the texts of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight and "The Wedding of Sir Gawain and Dame Ragnell," Gawain is portrayed as a hero who exemplifies the characteristics of an honorable knight. He is viewed by many in King Arthur's court as a noble man who is loyal to the king, and who will sacrifice his own life to protect his lord. Sir Gawain represents an ideal knight of the fourteenth century. Sir Gawain's inner values and character are tested to the fullest and are clearly defined in the text of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. The unknown author describes Gawain and the other knights as "Many good knights" (Norton 159), and he is referred to as one of the "most noble knights" (Norton 159) in King Arthur's land. This claim by the author is solidified by a challenge presented by the evil Green Knight, who enters the court of King Arthur and asks him to partake in a Christmas game. Sir Gawain, after hearing this challenge, asks the king if he may take his place. This represents that Gawain is very loyal to his king. Sir Gawain is also an honest knight in the text because in a year's time he ventures out in search of the Green Knight to endure a blow with the ax as the rules of the game were stated. He very easily could have not have carried out his end of the bargain by not traveling to the Green Chapel to meet the evil being, but Gawain is an honest knight who is true to h is word. Another trait of Gawain that is tested in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is his loyalty. While in search of the Green Chapel where he must face the Green Knight, Sir Gawain is tested by the lady of the castle he is lodging at. The lady tries to seduce Gawain, but he does not fall into her trap by sleeping with her. Instead, Sir Gawain remains loyal to the lord of the castle whom he has promised to be honest with, and the lady describes him as the "noblest knight alive.

Fasion Brand-Zara

Title: Examine the underlying factors in the current success of a well-known fashion brand of your choice and assess the extent to which the brand’s success looks set to continue. Word counts: 1218 This essay will introduce a well-known fashion brand, ZARA, and illustrate the underlying factors in the current success of its company. Meanwhile, it will also evaluate ZARA’s prospective development and provide possible strategic suggestions.Established in 1963, Inditex group is one of the largest fashion retailers, welcoming customers at its eight store formats -Zara, Pull & Bear, Massimo Dutti, Bershka, Stradivarius, Oysho, Zara Home and Uterque – boasting 5. 618 stores in 84 markets across the world, and operating in textile design, manufacturing and distribution. Figure shows that the subordinate brand of Inditex group, Zara, contributed two thirds of the Group turnover (Annual Report, 2011) and continued to develop in a flourishing tendency.Meanwhile, it has bee n developed in a mushroomed tendency across the world within a short period of time since 1975. ZARA places the customer in the central position of its marketing management and its entire business model, which consists of attractive design follow the fashion trend, manufacturing in a relatively high quality, distribution in an effective way and sales with a worldwide distribution network. (http://www. zara. com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/category/cn/en/zara-I2011/11112/Company).Zara is aiming to democratize its unique concept by offering the latest fashion in relatively high quality at affordable prices. What differentiates Zara’s business model from that of its competitors which lead to success is the turnaround time, and the store as a source of information. Zara’s vertical integration of design, just-in-time manufacturing, delivery and sales, flexible structure, low inventory rule, quick response policy and advanced information technology enable a quick response to c ustomer’s changing demands (Castellano, 1993).To sum up, there are three main factors to ensure the success of ZARA, which are offering the latest fashion items at fair prices, rapidly putting items into market and employing test orders to ensure risk reduction, and realizing a three dimensional development. Firstly, most designers of ZARA are such young people who have the unique creativity, discerning insight, sharp fashion mind with dye-in-the-wood of

Second Foundation 15. Through the Grid

TRANTOR By the middle of the Interregnum, Trantor was a shadow. In the midst of the colossal ruins, there lived a small community of farmers†¦ Encyclopedia Galactica There is nothing, never has been anything, quite like a busy spaceport on the outskirts of a capital city of a populous planet. There are the huge machines resting mightily in their cradles. If you choose your time properly, there is the impressive sight of the sinking giant dropping to rest or, more hair-raising still, the swiftening departure of a bubble of steel. All processes involved are nearly noiseless. The motive power is the silent surge of nucleons shifting into more compact arrangements In terms of area, ninety-five percent of the port has just been referred to. Square miles are reserved for the machines, and for the men who serve them and for the calculators that serve both. Only five percent of the port is given over to the floods of humanity to whom it is the way station to all the stars of the Galaxy. It is certain that very few of the anonymous many-headed stop to consider the technological mesh that knits the spaceways. Perhaps some of them might itch occasionally at the thought of the thousands of tons represented by the sinking steel that looks so small off in the distance. One of those cyclopean cylinders could, conceivably, miss the guiding beam and crash half a mile from its expected landing point – through the glassite roof of the immense waiting room perhaps – so that only a thin organic vapor and some powdered phosphates would be left behind to mark the passing of a thousand men. It could never happen, however, with the safety devices in use; and only the badly neurotic would consider the possibility for more than a moment. Then what do they think about? It is not just a crowd, you see. It is a crowd with a purpose. That purpose hovers over the field and thickens the atmosphere. Lines queue up; parents herd their children; baggage is maneuvered in precise masses – people are going somewheres. Consider then the complete psychic isolation of a single unit of this terribly intent mob that does not know where to go; yet at the same time feels more intensely than any of the others possibly can, the necessity of going somewheres; anywhere! Or almost anywhere! Even lacking telepathy or any of the crudely definite methods of mind touching mind, there is a sufficient clash in atmosphere, in intangible mood, to suffice for despair. To suffice? To overflow, and drench, and drown. Arcadia Darell, dressed in borrowed clothes, standing on a borrowed planet in a borrowed situation of what seemed even to be a borrowed life, wanted earnestly the safety of the womb. She didn't know that was what she wanted. She only knew that the very openness of the open world was a great danger. She wanted a closed spot somewhere – somewhere far – somewhere in an unexplored nook of the universe – where no one would ever look. And there she was, age fourteen plus, weary enough for eighty plus, frightened enough for five minus. What stranger of the hundreds that brushed past her – actually brushed past her, so that she could feel their touch – was a Second Foundationer? What stranger could not help but instantly destroy her for her guilty knowledge – her unique knowledge – of knowing where the Second Foundation was? And the voice that cut in on her was a thunderclap that iced the scream in her throat into a voiceless slash. â€Å"Look, miss,† it said, irritably, â€Å"are you using the ticket machine or are you just standing there?† It was the first she realized that she was standing in front of a ticket machine. You put a high denomination bill into the clipper which sank out of sight. You pressed the button below your destination and a ticket came out together with the correct change as determined by an electronic scanning device that never made a mistake. It was a very ordinary thing and there is no cause for anyone to stand before it for five minutes. Arcadia plunged a two-hundred credit into the clipper, and was suddenly aware of the button labeled â€Å"Trantor.† Trantor, dead capital of the dead Empire – the planet on which she was born. She pressed it in a dream. Nothing happened, except that the red letters flicked on and off, reading 172.18- 172.18- 172.18- It was the amount she was short. Another two-hundred credit. The ticket was spit out towards her. It came loose when she touched it, and the change tumbled out afterward. She seized it and ran. She felt the man behind her pressing close, anxious for his own chance at the machine, but she twisted out from before him and did not look behind. Yet there was nowhere to run. They were all her enemies. Without quite realizing it, she was watching the gigantic, glowing signs that puffed into the air: Steffani, Anacreon, Fermus- There was even one that ballooned, Terminus, and she longed for it, but did not dare- For a trifling sum, she could have hired a notifier which could have been set for any destination she cared and which would, when placed in her purse, make itself heard only to her, fifteen minutes before take-off time. But such devices are for people who are reasonably secure, however; who can pause to think of them. And then, attempting to look both ways simultaneously, she ran head-on into a soft abdomen. She felt the startled outbreath and grunt, and a hand come down on her arm. She writhed desperately but lacked breath to do more than mew a bit in the back of her throat. Her captor held her firmly and waited. Slowly, he came into focus for her and she managed to look at him. He was rather plump and rather short. His hair was white and copious, being brushed back to give a pompadour effect that looked strangely incongruous above a round and ruddy face that shrieked its peasant origin. â€Å"What's the matter?† he said finally, with a frank and twinkling curiosity. â€Å"You look scared.† â€Å"Sorry,† muttered Arcadia in a frenzy. â€Å"I've got to go. Pardon me.† But he disregarded that entirely, and said, â€Å"Watch out, little girl. You'll drop your ticket.† And he lifted it from her resistless white fingers and looked at it with every evidence of satisfaction. â€Å"I thought so,† he said, and then bawled in bull-like tones, â€Å"Mommuh!† A woman was instantly at his side, somewhat more short, somewhat more round, somewhat more ruddy. She wound a finger about a stray gray lock to shove it beneath a well-outmoded hat. â€Å"Pappa,† she said, reprovingly, â€Å"why do you shout in a crowd like that? People look at you like you were crazy. Do you think you are on the farm?† And she smiled sunnily at the unresponsive Arcadia, and added, â€Å"He has manners like a bear.† Then, sharply, â€Å"Pappa, let go the little girl. What are you doing?† But Pappa simply waved the ticket at her. â€Å"Look,† he said, â€Å"she's going to Trantor.† Mamma's face was a sudden beam, â€Å"You're from Trantor? Let go her arm, I say, Pappa.† She turned the overstuffed valise she was carrying onto its side and forced Arcadia to sit down with a gentle but unrelenting pressure. â€Å"Sit down,† she said, â€Å"and rest your little feet. It will be no ship yet for an hour and the benches are crowded with sleeping loafers. You are from Trantor?† Arcadia drew a deep breath and gave in. Huskily, she said, â€Å"I was born there.† And Mamma clapped her hands gleefully, â€Å"One month we've been here and till now we met nobody from home. This is very nice. Your parents-† she looked about vaguely. â€Å"I'm not with my parents,† Arcadia said, carefully. â€Å"All alone? A little girl like you?† Mamma was at once a blend of indignation and sympathy, â€Å"How does that come to be?† â€Å"Mamma,† Pappa plucked at her sleeve, â€Å"let me tell you. There's something wrong. I think she's frightened.† His voice, though obviously intended for a whisper was quite plainly audible to Arcadia. â€Å"She was running – I was watching her – and not looking where she was going. Before I could step out of the way, she bumped into me. And you know what? I think she's in trouble.† â€Å"So shut your mouth, Pappa. Into you, anybody could bump.† But she joined Arcadia on the valise, which creaked wearily under the added weight and put an arm about the girl's trembling shoulder. â€Å"You're running away from somebody, sweetheart? Don't be afraid to tell me. III help you.† Arcadia looked across at the kind gray eyes of the woman and felt her lips quivering. One part of her brain was telling her that here were people from Trantor, with whom she could go, who could help her remain on that planet until she could decide what next to do, where next to go. And another part of her brain, much the louder, was telling her in jumbled incoherence that she did not remember her mother, that she was weary to death of fighting the universe, that she wanted only to curl into a little hall with strong, gentle arms about her, that if her mother had lived, she might†¦ she might- And for the first time that night, she was crying; crying like a little baby, and glad of it; clutching tightly at the old-fashioned dress and dampening a corner of it thoroughly, while soft arms held her closely and a gentle hand stroked her curls. Pappa stood helplessly looking at the pair, fumbling futilely for a handkerchief which, when produced, was snatched from his hand. Mamma glared an admonition of quietness at him. The crowds surged about the little group with the true indifference of disconnected crowds everywhere. They were effectively alone. Finally, the weeping trickled to a halt, and Arcadia smiled weakly as she dabbed at red eyes with the borrowed handkerchief. â€Å"Golly,† she whispered, â€Å"Shh. Shh. Don't talk,† said Mamma, fussily, â€Å"just sit and rest for a while. Catch your breath. Then tell us what's wrong, and you'll see, we'll fix it up, and everything will be all right.† Arcadia scrabbled what remained of her wits together. She could not tell them the truth. She could tell nobody the truth- And yet she was too worn to invent a useful lie. She said, whisperingly, â€Å"I'm better, now.† â€Å"Good,† said Mamma. â€Å"Now tell me why you're in trouble. You did nothing wrong? Of course, whatever you did, well help you; but tell us the truth.† â€Å"For a friend from Trantor, anything,† added Pappa, expansively, â€Å"eh, Mamma?† â€Å"Shut your mouth, Pappa,† was the response, without rancor. Arcadia was groping in her purse. That, at least, was still hers, despite the rapid clothes-changing forced upon her in Lady Callia's apartments. She found what she was looking for and handed it to Mamma. â€Å"These are my papers,† she said, diffidently. It was shiny, synthetic parchment which had been issued her by the Foundation's ambassador on the day of her arrival and which had been countersigned by the appropriate Kalganian official. It was large, florid, and impressive. Mamma looked at it helplessly, and passed it to Pappa who absorbed its contents with an impressive pursing of the lips. He said, â€Å"You're from the Foundation?† â€Å"Yes. But I was born in Trantor. See it says that-â€Å" â€Å"Ah-hah. It looks all right to me. You're named Arcadia, eh? That's a good Trantorian name. But where's your uncle? It says here you came in the company of Homir Munn, uncle.† â€Å"He's been arrested,† said Arcadia, drearily. â€Å"Arrested!† – from the two of them at once. â€Å"What for?† asked Mamma. â€Å"He did something?† She shook her head. â€Å"I don't know. We were just on a visit. Uncle Homir had business with Lord Stettin but-† She needed no effort to act a shudder. It was there. Pappa was impressed. â€Å"With Lord Stettin. Mm-m-m, your uncle must be a big man.† â€Å"I don't know what it was all about, but Lord Stettin wanted me to stay-† She was recalling the last words of Lady Callia, which had been acted out for her benefit. Since Callia, as she now knew, was an expert, the story could do for a second time. She paused, and Mamma said interestedly, â€Å"And why you?† â€Å"I'm not sure. He†¦ he wanted to have dinner with me all alone, but I said no, because I wanted Uncle Homir along. He looked at me funny and kept holding my shoulder.† Pappa's mouth was a little open, but Mamma was suddenly red and angry. â€Å"How old are you, Arcadia?† â€Å"Fourteen and a half, almost.† Mamma drew a sharp breath and said, â€Å"That such people should be let live. The dogs in the streets are better. You're running from him, dear, is not?† Arcadia nodded. Mamma said, â€Å"Pappa, go right to Information and find out exactly when the ship to Trantor comes to berth. Hurry!† But Pappa took one step and stopped. Loud metallic words were booming overhead, and five thousand pairs of eyes looked startledly upwards. â€Å"Men and women,† it said, with sharp force. â€Å"The airport is being searched for a dangerous fugitive, and it is now surrounded. No one can enter and no one can leave. The search will, however, be conducted with great speed and no ships will reach or leave berth during the interval, so you will not miss your ship. I repeat, no one will miss his ship. The grid will descend. None of you will move outside your square until the grid is removed, as otherwise we will be forced to use our neuronic whips.† During the minute or less in which the voice dominated the vast dome of the spaceport's waiting room, Arcadia could not have moved if all the evil in the Galaxy had concentrated itself into a ball and hurled itself at her. They could mean only her. It was not even necessary to formulate that idea as a specific thought. But why- Callia had engineered her escape. And Callia was of the Second Foundation. Why, then, the search now? Had Callia failed? Could Callia fail? Or was this part of the plan, the intricacies of which escaped her? For a vertiginous moment, she wanted to jump up and shout that she gave up, that she would go with them, that†¦ that- But Mamma's hand was on her wrist. â€Å"Quick! Quick! Well go to the lady's room before they start.† Arcadia did not understand. She merely followed blindly. They oozed through the crowd, frozen as it was into clumps, with the voice still booming through its last words. The grid was descending now, and Pappa, openmouthed, watched it come down. He had heard of it and read of it, but had never actually been the object of it. It glimmered in the air, simply a series of cross-hatched and tight radiation-beams that set the air aglow in a harmless network of flashing light. It always was so arranged as to descend slowly from above in order that it might represent a falling net with all the terrific psychological implications of entrapment. It was at waist-level now, ten feet between glowing lines in each direction. In his own hundred square feet, Pappa found himself alone, yet the adjoining squares were crowded. He felt himself conspicuously isolated but knew that to move into the greater anonymity of a group would have meant crossing one of those glowing lines, stirring an alarm, and bringing down the neuronic whip. He waited. He could make out over the heads of the eerily quiet and waiting mob, the far-off stir that was the line of policemen covering the vast floor area, lighted square by lighted square. It was a long time before a uniform stepped into his square and carefully noted its co-ordinates into an official notebook. â€Å"Papers!† Pappa handed them over, and they were flipped through in expert fashion. â€Å"You're Preem Palver, native of Trantor, on Kalgan for a month, returning to Trantor. Answer, yes or no.† â€Å"Yes, yes.† â€Å"What's your business on Kalgan?† â€Å"I'm trading representative of our farm co-operative. I've been negotiating terms with the Department of Agriculture on Kalgan. â€Å"Um-m-m. Your wife is with you? Where is she? She is mentioned in your papers.† â€Å"Please. My wife is in the-† He pointed. â€Å"Hanto,† roared the policeman. Another uniform joined him. The first one said, dryly, â€Å"Another dame in the can, by the Galaxy. The place must be busting with them. Write down her name.† He indicated the entry in the papers which gave it. â€Å"Anyone else with you?† â€Å"My niece.† â€Å"She's not mentioned in the papers.† â€Å"She came separately.† â€Å"Where is she? Never mind, I know. Write down the niece's name, too, Hanto. What's her name? Write down Arcadia Palver. You stay right here, Palver. We'll take care of the women before we leave.† Pappa waited interminably. And then, long, long after, Mamma was marching toward him, Arcadia's hand firmly in hers, the two policemen trailing behind her. They entered Pappa's square, and one said, â€Å"Is this noisy old woman your wife?† â€Å"Yes, sir,† said Pappa, placatingly. â€Å"Then you'd better tell her she's liable to get into trouble if she talks the way she does to the First Citizen's police.† He straightened his shoulders angrily. â€Å"Is this your niece?† â€Å"Yes, sir.† â€Å"I want her papers.† Looking straight at her husband, Mamma slightly, but no less firmly, shook her head. A short pause, and Pappa said with a weak smile, â€Å"I don't think I can do that.† â€Å"What do you mean you can't do that?† The policeman thrust out a hard palm. â€Å"Hand it over.† â€Å"Diplomatic immunity,† said Pappa, softly. â€Å"What do you mean?† â€Å"I said I was trading representative of my farm co-operative. I'm accredited to the Kalganian government as an official foreign representative and my papers prove it. I showed them to you and now I don't want to be bothered any more.† For a moment, the policeman was taken aback. â€Å"I got to see your papers. It's orders.† â€Å"You go away,† broke in Mamma, suddenly. â€Å"When we want you, we'll send for you, you†¦ you bum.† The policeman's lips tightened. â€Å"Keep your eye on them, Hanto. I'll get the lieutenant.† â€Å"Break a leg!† called Mamma after him. Someone laughed, and then choked it off suddenly. The search was approaching its end. The crowd was growing dangerously restless. Forty-five minutes had elapsed since the grid had started falling and that is too long for best effects. Lieutenant Dirige threaded his way hastily, therefore, toward the dense center of the mob. â€Å"Is this the girl?† he asked wearily. He looked at her and she obviously fitted the description. All this for a child. He said, â€Å"Her papers, if you please?† Pappa began, â€Å"I have already explained-â€Å" â€Å"I know what you have explained, and I'm sorry,† said the lieutenant, â€Å"but I have my orders, and I can't help them. If you care to make a protest later, you may. Meanwhile, if necessary, I must use force.† There was a pause, and the lieutenant waited patiently. Then Pappa said, huskily, â€Å"Give me your papers, Arcadia.† Arcadia shook her head in panic, but Pappa nodded his head. â€Å"Don't be afraid. Give them to me.† Helplessly she reached out and let the documents change hands. Pappa fumbled them open and looked carefully through them, then handed them over. The lieutenant in his turn looked through them carefully. For a long moment, he raised his eyes to rest them on Arcadia, and then he closed the booklet with a sharp snap. â€Å"All in order,† he said. â€Å"All right, men.† He left, and in two minutes, scarcely more, the grid was gone, and the voice above signified a back-to-normal. The noise of the crowd, suddenly released, rose high. Arcadia said: â€Å"How†¦ how-â€Å" Pappa said, â€Å"Sh-h. Don't say a word. Let's better go to the ship. It should be in the berth soon.† They were on the ship. They had a private stateroom and a table to themselves in the dining room. Two light-years already separated them from Kalgan, and Arcadia finally dared to broach the subject again. She said, â€Å"But they were after me, Mr. Palver, and they must have had my description and all the details. Why did he let me go?† And Pappa smiled broadly over his roast beef. â€Å"Well, Arcadia, child, it was easy. When you've been dealing with agents and buyers and competing co-operatives, you learn some of the tricks. I've had twenty years or more to learn them in. You see, child, when the lieutenant opened your papers, he found a five hundred credit bill inside, folded up small. Simple, no?† â€Å"I'll pay you back- Honest, I've got lots of money.† â€Å"Well,† Pappa's broad face broke into an embarrassed smile, as he waved it away. â€Å"For a country-woman-â€Å" Arcadia desisted. â€Å"But what if he'd taken the money and turned me in anyway. And accused me of bribery.† â€Å"And give up five hundred credits? I know these people better than you do, girl.† But Arcadia knew that he did not know people better. Not these people. In her bed that night, she considered carefully, and knew that no bribe would have stopped a police lieutenant in the matter of catching her unless that had been planned. They didn't want to catch her, yet had made every motion of doing so, nevertheless. Why? To make sure she left? And for Trantor? Were the obtuse and soft-hearted couple she was with now only a pair of tools in the hands of the Second Foundation, as helpless as she herself? They must be! Or were they? It was all so useless. How could she fight them. Whatever she did, it might only be what those terrible omnipotents wanted her to do. Yet she had to outwit them. Had to. Had to! Had to!!

Definition of Horticultural Society in Sociology

Definition of Horticultural Society in Sociology A horticultural society is one in which people subsist through the cultivation of plants for food consumption without the use of mechanized tools or the use of animals to pull plows. This makes horticultural societies distinct from agrarian societies, which do use these tools, and from pastoral societies, which rely on the cultivate of herd animals for subsistence. Overview of Horticultural Societies Horticultural societies developed around 7000 BCE in the Middle East and gradually spread west through Europe and Africa and east through Asia. They were the first type of society in which people grew their own food, rather than relying strictly on the hunter-gather technique. This means that they were also the first type of society in which settlements were permanent or at least semi-permanent. As a result, the accumulation of food and goods was possible, and with it, a more complex division of labor, more substantial dwellings, and a small amount of trade. There are both simple and more advanced forms of cultivation used in horticultural societies. The most simple use tools such as axes (to clear forest) and wooden sticks and metal spades for digging. More advanced forms may use foot-plows and manure, terracing and irrigation, and rest plots of land in fallow periods. In some cases, people combine horticulture with hunting or fishing, or with the keeping of a few domesticated farm animals. The number of different kinds of crops featured in gardens of horticultural societies can number as high 100  and are often a combination of both wild and domesticated plants. Because the tools of cultivation used are rudimentary and non-mechanic, this form of agriculture is not particularly productive. Because of this, the number of people composing a horticultural society is typically rather low, though can be relatively high, depending on the conditions and technology. Social and Political Structures of Horticultural Societies Horticultural societies were documented by anthropologists all over the world, using various types of tools and technologies, in many different climatic and ecological conditions. Because of these variables, there was also variety in the social and political structures of these societies in history, and in those that exist today. Horticultural societies can have a matrilineal or patrilineal social organization. In either, ties focused on kinship are common, though larger horticultural societies will have more complex forms of social organization. Throughout history, many were matrilineal because the social ties and structure were organized around the feminized work of crop cultivation. (Conversely, hunter-gatherer societies were typically patrilineal because their social ties and structure were organized around the masculinized work of hunting.) Because women are at the center of work and survival in horticultural societies, they are highly valuable to men. For this reason, polygyny- when a husband has multiple wives- is common. Meanwhile, it is common in horticultural societies that men take on political or militaristic roles. Politics in horticultural societies is often centered on the redistribution of food and resources within the community. Evolution of Horticultural Societies The kind of agriculture practiced by horticultural societies is considered a pre-industrial subsistence method. In most places around the world, as technology was developed and where animals were available for plowing, agrarian societies developed. However, this is not exclusively true. Horticultural societies exist to this day  and can be found primarily in wet, tropical climates in Southeast Asia, South America, and Africa. Updated by Nicki Lisa Cole, Ph.D.

Recommend a Good Book to Me - Interview Question Tips

Recommend a Good Book to Me - Interview Question Tips The question can come in many different forms: Whats the last book you read?; Tell me about a good book youve read recently; Whats your favorite book? Why?; What types of books do you like to read?; Tell me about a good book you read for pleasure. Its one of the most common interview questions. The Purpose of the Question Whatever the form of the question, the interviewer is trying to learn a few things by asking about your reading habits and book preferences: Do you read for pleasure?  Active readers are people who are intellectually curious. They are also people who are likely to have better reading comprehension and writing skills than non-readers. Students who read a lot in high school are more likely to succeed in college than students who dont.Do you know how to talk about books?  A lot of your college course work will involve discussing and writing about what you have read. This interview question helps figure out if you are up for the challenge.Your interests. You are likely to get asked about your interests and passions in another interview question, but books are one more way to approach the topic. If you have a love of novels about Cold War espionage, that information helps the interviewer get to know you better.A book recommendation. An interview is a two-way conversation, and your interviewer may actually want to learn about some good books he or she isnt familiar with. The Best Books to Discuss Dont try to second guess this question too much by recommending a book simply because it has historical or cultural significance. Youll sound insincere if you state that Bunyans Pilgrims Progress is your favorite book when in truth your much prefer Stephen King novels. Nearly any work of fiction or nonfiction can work for this question as long as you have things to say about it and it is at an appropriate reading-level for a college-bound student. There are, however, a few types of works that might be weaker choices than others. In general, avoid works such as these: Works that were obviously assigned in class. Part of this question is to see what you read outside of class. If you name To Kill a Mockingbird or Hamlet, youll sound as if youve never read anything but assigned books.Juvenile fiction. You dont need to hide your love of Diary of a Wimpy Kid or Redwall books, but these works are also loved by kids much younger than you. Youd do better to recommend a book that is more in line with a college-level reader.Works chosen simply to impress. James Joyces Finnegans Wake isnt anyones favorite book, and youll sound insincere if you recommend a challenging book in an effort to make yourself look smart. The issue gets a little more fuzzy with works like Harry Potter and Twilight. Certainly plenty of adults (including many college admissions folks) devoured all of the Harry Potter books, and youll even find college courses on Harry Potter (check out these top colleges for Harry Potter fans). You certainly dont need to hide the fact that you were addicted to popular series such as these. That said, so many people love these books (including much younger readers) that they make for a rather predictable and uninteresting answer to the interviewers question. So what is the ideal book? Try to come up with something that fits these general guidelines: Pick a book that you sincerely love and that you are comfortable talking about.Pick a book with enough substance to it so that you can explain why you like the book.Pick a book that is at an appropriate reading level; something that is a huge hit among fourth-graders is probably not your best choice.Pick a book that gives the interviewer a window into your interests and passions. This last point is important -   the interviewer wants to get to know you better. The fact that the college has interviews means that they have holistic admissions  - they are evaluating you as a person, not as a collection of grades and test scores.  This interview question isnt so much about the book you choose as it is about you. Make sure you are able to articulate why you are recommending the book. Why did the book speak to you more than other books? What about the book did you find so compelling? How did the book engage issues that you are passionate about? How did the book open your mind or create new understanding? Some Final Interview Advice As you prepare for your interview, be sure to master each of these 12 common interview questions. Also be sure to avoid these 10 interview mistakes. The interview is typically a friendly exchange of information, so try not to get to stressed about it. If youve focused on a book that you truly enjoyed reading and youve thought about why you enjoy it, you should have little difficulty with this interview question.

World Court of Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

World Court of Justice - Essay Example Addressing the plenary session of the UN General Assembly in 1999, the then President of the International Court of Justice, Judge Stephen M. Schwebel mentioned that issues like peaceful settlement of international disputes, disarmament and the law of war, were discussed at the First Hague Peace Conference in 1899. In 1907, at the second Hague Peace Conference the creation of a permanent court of international justice was proposed. However, this proposal did not come through as the members disagreed on the procedure for the selection of judges. With the start of the First World War, this proposal took a back seat. Later, it was under the League of Nations that the Permanent Court of International Justice, or the first world court was set up in 1922. (Schwebel, 1999). The Second World War marked the end of this court and its last hearing was held in February, 1940. (Permanent Court of International Justice (PCIJ) The International Court of Justice follows the procedures laid out in its Statute, and in the Rules of Court adopted by it under the Statute. This includes a written phase in which the parties file and exchange pleadings, and an oral phase consisting of public hearings at which agents and counsel address the Court. After the oral proceedings, the Court deliberates in-camera, and then delivers its judgment at a public sitting.

Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Education - Essay Example Another importance of nursing education is to enlighten the nurses on what is require of them as well as the most effective way of resolving issues pertaining to their duties as professional (Keating, 2010,p. 3-5; Bradshaw& Lowenstein, 2011, p.1). Nursing Learning Styles These are hypothetical models, which suggest the existing manners of acquiring knowledge and help teacher or lecturer plan and meet the needs of their students. Nursing is a profession characterised by great diversity in terms of culture as well as economic status  of the individuals practicing it as well as the patients the nurses attend to or interact. Nursing professionals are required to learn how to theorize, visualize, analyse, and then come up with the solution to resolve problems. The profession involves carrying several activities ranging from calculating dosages to complex interventions on matters pertaining to patients. To understand how different learning styles apply in nursing education, it is importa nt to have some understanding on the modes of learning applied by different nursing students. Individual learning skill required include visual, Auditory and kinaesthetic (Bradshaw& Lowenstein, 2011, p.279-282; Brockbank, 2002, p. 25). Visual is a critical learning technique for nurses and require that lecturers use material such as charts and illustrative diagrams in lecturing. Organizing notes into diagrams is also an important strategy used in nursing education. Auditory learning involves ability to listen and understand information, which is improved through recording information. Kinaesthetic is a mode of learning that suits individuals who prefer when information is presented in different forms other than having to listen to lectures (Ewan & White, 1991, p. 28; Ewan & White, 1991, p. 44-50). There are several learning styles but nursing profession aims at combining the different individual learning modes to come up with comprehensive styles to take care of the entire individua l profession. Nursing educations combines four learning behaviours found among nurses and include activist, reflectors, theorist, and pragmatist. The learning styles should aim at getting the learner to come out of their comfort zone and be able to experience, reflect on incidents, conceptualize the ideas and then make plans (Keating, 2010, p. 47; Ewan & White, 1991, p. 28). Activism entails involving the learners into several activities to enable them gain experience. This increases enthusiasm and the urge to lean more. This enables nurses to handle emergencies. Activists frequently involve themselves with other people and act fast. Demonstrations work well for this group of learners (Jarvis, 2006, p. 10-12; Brockbank, 2002, p. 33-35). Theorists are those learners capable of integrating vast quantity of information and adapt it into logical hypotheses. They prefer leaning through use of models, theories, as well as case analysis. Reflectors have the capability of viewing informatio n from different perspectives. They prefer learning by collecting information or case studies and analysing them. They are therefore reasonably accurate in making conclusions. They are also good auditory learners and tend to be cautious. Most nurses fall in this category. Use of discussions helps learners in this category Oermann & Heinrich, 2008, p. 50-55). Pragmatists are learners who desire to try out new ideas, which may include theories and novel techniques. They are innovative

Law of Contract, Assignment Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Law of Contract, Assignment - Case Study Example This does not mean that there must be an exact subjective matching of the internal thoughts of the two parties. What the law looks for is outward evidence of what the parties agreed or what has been termed the 'external indicia of agreement'.1 This means that even if the parties did not have the same agreement in mind, if their actions, from an objective standpoint could be said to demonstrate an agreement, then a contract has been formed.2 This follows the sensible approach that 'commercial contracts cannot be arranged by what people think in their inmost minds. Commercial contracts are made according to what people say'3 What this means for our problem question is that, while searching for the consensus in idem between Riz and Jatinder, we look at how they acted in the above negotiations. To form a contract, all you need to identify is an offer and an unqualified acceptance of it. The question here is whether the advertisement in the magazine constituted an offer. Offers may be express such as 'I'll give you 50 for that skirt', or they can be implied such as hading over the fare as you get on the bus. In both cases it is open for the offeree to accept the offer. This will conclude the contract. However, despite the ease of making offers or implied offers, some actions will not form offers at all but merely invitations to treat. An invitation to treat may look like an offer but if you look closely, there has not been agreement on the essential factors of the contract, there has just been some words passed that would entice or make it easier for the other party to make a suitable offer. For example, in Harvey v Facey4 one party asked the other what would be the lowest cash price they would be willing to sell a property in Jamaica. The other party replied that it would be 900. The first party then telegraphed them 'We agree to buy BHP for 900 asked by you'. The owners argued that they had never offered to sell the property and the agreed with this. It is also generally accepted that advertisements and announcements to the public at large are not intended to be offers but merely invitations to treat. This is for the simple practical reason that if too many people responded to the advertisement, the advertiser could be placed in a position of breaching limitless contracts. Therefore, unless words specifically forming a contract are used, an advertisement will be deemed to be an invitation to treat and not an offer.5 b. Riz's offer of 5,000 When Riz saw the advertisement he called Jatinder on the phone and offered her 5,000 for the car.

Neurological Effects of MSG

Neurological Effects of MSG Abstract Due to evolving since in fields such as food science pharmacology, pediatrics, medical psychology, and toxicology, various food additives have come under a sharp review. In the medical field, a controversy has been ranging as to whether MSG should be used at all since diverse research case studies have not only shown its negative effects on health in general but also its neurological effects. Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) has been used as a flavorant in the food industry for close to one hundred years in foods consumed by the masses daily. Although the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) classifies MSG as a food ingredient that is considered generally safe for use by the public, a number of researches such as by Schwartz have shown that it is harmful to the users health and should therefore be banned. Glutamate is naturally found in foods such as milk, poultry, meat and vegetables. Further, the body naturally produces glutamate which is essential for the nervous system. However, syntheti c manufacture has been proven to be harmful. This study purposefully outlines such effects on the nervous sytem and serves to support other recent findings against the use of MSG. Introduction MSG is a food additive that is found in most of the commercial foods. It improves the flavor of the food hence attracting customers. In itself, there is no value addition in terms of nutrition. It actually does nothing to food, but to the eater it is detrimental to their health. MSG is referred to as an excitotoxin or neurotoxin. This is the case since it widely involves the neuroscientists field in that it has degenerative and deadly effects on the brain and the nervous system. MSG actually over stimulates the brain neurons to exhaustion leading to their death. MSG goes to the brain through the membranes in the mouth and the throat. It also enters the blood stream through the digestion of food in the digestive system. MSG will trick the brain to thinking that it is getting value from the foods that are being taken in. MSG is not natural in nature. It is manmade from glutamic acid which is an amino acid which is found in complete proteins. Amino acids do occur naturally from many pla nts and animal tissues. The artificially created types of Amino acids are processed through the breakdown and the change of the natural form of glutamate. Some of the natural substances used for this purpose are molasses, grain starches and corn. The manipulation process produces various form of glumate. The d-glumate is never found naturally. The free glumates could enter the body 8 to 10 times faster than the bound or the natural glumates. Natural glumate is found in foods like tomatoes, milk and the mushrooms. The commercial methods or techniques used to manufacture glumate were not in use until the 1960s. The MSG in use today is not at all natural Literature review The current research shows that MSG is the cause of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimers Huntingtons, Parkinsons and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neuroscientists, such as Adriene, have explained that MSG attacks the blood-brain barrier of the brain cells which is responsible for protection and regulation of the delicate chemical exchange within the brain cells. The chemical exchange process is normally well balanced and its functionality is unquestionable. Under normal conditions also the brain and the body immune system handles all kinds of pollutants, diseases and stress. A very small amount of toxic substance can actually cause the brain call to over react leading to excessive exhaustion and death (Samuels). MSG is one of the major excitotoxins and is widely known to cause damage to the brain part that governs or controls other systems in the human body. The damage will probably appear as a disorder in the nervous system and the endocrine system. This can be manifested in the cases of unusual sleeping patterns, persistent hunger and food cravings. This usually leads to obesity. MSG is also known to cause migraine headaches, behavioral disorders, asthma attacks, depression, heart irregularities, arthritis, sinus problems and digestive problems (Anglesey). MSG is a neurotoxin that takes a very short time to create a widely diverse and dramatic effect on the human body. An individual may take a mild dosage of a prescription drug and have mild effects which may even be favorable. However, another person may take the same prescription drug and instead, get depressed, have stomach disorders, a swollen tongue and aching joints. The different parts of the brain do govern various body functions. The part which is attacked will directly depend on the brain part that has been attacked by the excitotoxin. If for example a person has had a head injury, a genetic pinch in a given part of the brain, has had a fever that is attacking parts of the brain, or even has had a stroke, then it is certain that the part of the brain that has been affected will be due to the toxins. Some of the foods that are sold are sold as weight loss promotions to the people. When food substances such as fat and sugar are removed from the foods, MSG together with aspartame is usually added. These excitotoxins are known to cause obesity and irregular heartbeats in many people. FDA usually allows the labeling of MSGS as natural flavors, hydrolyzed proteins and autolyzed yeast when used as just a component ingredient in an additive and not purely MSG. Americans today are consuming 160 million pounds of MSG per annum. A toxicologist and an author by the name Dr, George Schwartz claims that two table spoons of MSG on a piece of bread could kill a medium sized dog within a minute. The FDA in the year 1995 claimed that no one can react to less than 3 grams of MSG per meal. However, despite their confirmation, they have warned that MSG should be avoided by children, pregnant or lactating women, the elderly and those who suffer Asthma. A highly sensitive individual can react even to less than a gram of MSG (Blaylock). Effects and Related disorders Research has shown that in the late 1950s, an estimated amount of 12 grams per person per year of MSG was used by the Americans. Looking at the same issue today, the estimate has shot to between 400 and 500 grams per person per year. This is an amount that needs evaluation by FDA. (Anglesey) The wide usage of MSG came in the mid 1970s. It gained much popularity with producers of food through the 1980s. Two powerful excitotoxic food additives that took the food industry by storm were the MSG and aspartame. MSG has been widely associated with a wide range of diseases, symptoms and complaints. As earlier stated, it affects the neurological system of the body. The same ailments are today being reported to be on their rise. Often the ailments are quite unexpected and hard to explain either. Neorological effects of MSG and statistics of interest published by national organizations have been listed here-in. Fibromyalgia: this is a growing epidemic. Its patients eliminated MSG and aspartame during the study conducted by Florida University which reported complete relief of symptoms in 2001. However, the most cognitive study was carried by Smith, Shmidt and Guns who sought to prove the link between Fibromyalgia and MSG with several other additives as a common rheumatologic disorder. In this case, 4 patients were diagnosed for 2-17 years with fibromyalgia syndrome. However, they had undergone various modalities of treatment while failing to consider MSG as the causative agent. After eliminating aspartame and MSG from their diets, complete or near complete resolution of symptoms diagnosed were recorded within months. In this case analysis, the subjects were women who had multiple comorbidities and recurring symptoms after the ingestion of MSG. It is therefore indicative that t he excitotoxins, present in substances such as Aspartate and MSG, become excitatory neurotransmitters once ingested, and if consumed in excess can lead to neurotoxicity. These 4 patients may therefore represent this fibromyalgia syndrome and act as a link to conclusively establish a link to MSG. Therefore, persistent studies, if carried out on a larger sample, might serve to link the fibromyalgia syndrome to MSG and aspartame more concretely (Murray). Further, a study posted in MSGTruth.org is instrumental in linking MSG to pituitary adenomas. MSG overstimulates the hypothalamus which consequently leads damage on the neurons. The hypothalamus is responsible for directing the pituitary glands actions, which is also referred to as the master gland since it in turn directs all other glands in the body and their actions such as metabolism, development of sex and reproductive organs and other key development functions. Statistics have shown that 25% of Kenyans develop a pituitary adenoma in the course of their lives. However, studies linking pituitary adenomas to MSG are inconclusive. Some studies had previously depicted this as a genetic disorder but have however been proven wrong. About half of the pituitary adenomas secrete prolactin. Prolactinomas vcan become extremely large over time to crowd the optic nerve thereby affecting vision. It is however detected early in women since it interferes with menses and stops ovulation. This prevents conception or pregnancy in general. Further, since prolactin is responsible for lactation, secretion can cause lactation in the victim even if they were never pregnant or even if they are male. Hence, men with these adenomas develop breasts which have the capacity to secrete milk. Unlike in women who are forewarned by the effects on vision or associated headaches, this condition is deadly in men since the tumor can only be detected when it is large and dangerous. Further, research records by most governments are only kept for cancerous tumors while benign tumor, such as in this case, are neglected hence making it the more difficult not only to research on especially as to its link to aspartine and MSG but also to treat. Trea tment is very expensive. There are only two treatments with Dostinex, a carbegoline, is normally preferred which costs approximately $ 30 a tablet. Therefore, there is a need to sponsor more research as to the link to MSG and brain tumors (Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) and Aspartame). Other effects that have been attributed to MSG and its neurological disorders are headaches and migraines, asthma, obesity among others. In headaches and migraines: an approximate amount of $ 2.2 billion per year are being spent on drugs which treat headaches. This chronic condition has received a 74% increase from the years 1980 to 1990. Secondly, Asthma has been linked to MSG and related to the brain effects. According to statistics there was a decline of asthma until the mid-eighties. Since then however, there has been a recorded 100% increase in the rate of death among the children and the seniors. This incidence has increased 600% in the last 10 years. FDA has identified that the uncontrollable asthma can be caused by MSG, unfortunately no further measures are taken to deal with the situation. Defects of birth and disorders of production: MSG has been identified as a mutagen i.e. mutates fetuses. It is said to cause damage to the intellectual development, reproduction, growth pa tterns and the gonadal functions. However, such research has not been concrete. Other effects are neurological or emotional disorders. Laboratory studies have shown devastating effects on brain development. This includes autism, attention deficit, dyslexia, hyperactivity, violent episodes or rage, panic attacks, depression, paranoia, seizures and cerebral palsy. Rats were used for this study. However, human beings are 5 times more sensitive to MSG than rats. Obesity too has been linked to MSG and the nervous system. This is the most consistent effect of excitotoxins exposure and can be termed as a growing problem that does not respect age or sexual boundaries. In fact scientists uses glumate to feed animals used in the laboratories with an aim of inducing obesity. MSG will trigger insulin or adrenalin or fat storage or even a food craving response. This actually depletes the serotonin levels which in turn trigger headaches, depression and fatigue and also leads to food cravings. Finally, it is vital to note the following maladies and diseases are also attributed to MSG. Heart maladies: for the Americans, more than 70 million of them do suffer one or more forms of cardiovascular disease. 43% of all deaths in America are related to this same problem. Cardiovascular operations in the US went up with 287% from the year 1980 to 1990. Alzheimers disease: in the 1980s, this disease was nowhere among the highly identifiable health threats. It is however ranked third in todays statistics after cancer and heart disease. There are 4 million people afflicted by the disease at a cost of $47,000 per person per year in healthcare costs. Parkinsons, ALS, MS and the Huntingtons diseases like Alzheimers are all progressively growing neurogenic diseases that show brain and nerve cell damage. There are also other symptoms of MSG sensitivity that include swollen throat and tongue, joint pain, skin disorders, sleeping disorders, burning, tightness of the face or its redness, vert igo and gastrointestinal complaints. This subject of disorders in behavior for children is becoming a common discussion among professionals. The Studies that are already done have widely associated the violent behavior, attention deficits and emotional instability to chemical imbalances occurring in the brain. The reason that young brains are developing the blood-brain barrier, it is now becoming an extreme possibility that there will be early damage caused by excitotoxins. In April 1994, a time magazine article confirmed the rising problem of behavioral disorders. The magazine stated that the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder was not in existence 15 years ago. It is however said that it is now affecting 3.3 million American children. This magazine article quotes a prominent research which 10 years ago stated that symptoms of ADHD and ADD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) vanished with maturity. Today however, ADD is now the fastest growing diagnostic category for the adults. The combination of excitotoxins i.e. MSG and aspartame came into wide usage in the 1980s. The drug sale rate for these disorders has shot up by almost 400% in a period of 4 years only. MSG is now a known mutagen. Its damage occurs in the womb as chemicals pass from the womb of the mother into the blood system of the fetus. The old people do show high vulnerability rates to the progressive neuro-generative diseases. An example of such diseases is Alzheimers.